En-yunus cengel fluid mechanics fundamentals

Preface

Mechanics is the oldest physical science that deals with both stationary and

moving bodies under the influence of forces. The branch of mechanics that

deals with bodies at rest is called statics, while the branch that deals with

bodies in motion is called dynamics. The subcategory fluid mechanics is

defined as the science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest (fluid statics)

or in motion (fluid dynamics), and the interaction of fluids with solids

or other fluids at the boundaries. Fluid mechanics is also referred to as fluid

dynamics by considering fluids at rest as a special case of motion with zero

velocity (Fig. 1–1).

Fluid mechanics itself is also divided into several categories. The study of

the motion of fluids that are practically incompressible (such as liquids,

especially water, and gases at low speeds) is usually referred to as hydrodynamics.

A subcategory of hydrodynamics is hydraulics, which deals with liquid

flows in pipes and open channels. Gas dynamics deals with the flow of

fluids that undergo significant density changes, such as the flow of gases

through nozzles at high speeds. The category aerodynamics deals with the

flow of gases (especially air) over bodies such as aircraft, rockets, and automobiles

at high or low speeds. Some other specialized categories such as meteorology,

oceanography, and hydrology deal with naturally occurring flows.

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